Tuesday 6 April 2010

Stereo to Mono converter - how to do it properly

On occasions you might wish to feed a mono PA input from a small stereo device such as a personal MP3 player or cassette player.

Historical note for youngsters: cassettes are those little plastic boxes full of brown string that your parents keep in cardboard boxes on top of the wardrobe. The de-facto standard of 129 metres of brown string wound on little bobbins is almost but not quite enough to store one whole album. This is what passed for copy-protection in their day. Left in a car for five summers, all cassette recordings of any kind evolved into either Wings or Steeleye Span anyway. This phenomenon has never been fully explained but is thought to be an early experiment in what is now known as consumer subscription expiry.

For example, you may wish to provide some recorded music during the interval between sets at a live gig, or you may be a quizmaster or quizmistress delivering the "music round" at your local pub. Either way, the material is on your personal device and you want it to go front-of-house, through the desk or whatever.

I know what you are thinking. You go to your local electronics store, you get a 3.5mm to 3.5mm stereo extension cable and a 3.5mm stereo to 1/4" mono converter and the job is done. Oh ho ho! No. You risk (at best) distorting your sound or (at worst) frying your kit. That's your decision but here at The Secret Laboratory we like to do things properly.

Here's how to do it properly:

Find a 3.5mm stereo jack plug, a 1/4" mono jack plug, a length of shielded two-core audio cable, two 10K resistors (brown-black-orange) and some insulating tape or heat-shrink tubing.

Solder all the bits together according to the following schematic and following instructions:

On the left, your 3.5mm stereo jack. Source (R) will probably be a red wire - connect it to the "ring" on the jack (you may need a meter to check which tag is the ring but it's usually the tag on the right as you look from the rear of the plug - red ring right is how I remember it). Source (L) might be blue, white or some other colour. Connect it to the "tip" on the jack (usually the left tag as you look from the rear). Connect the shielding (Source G) to the "sleeve" of the jack (that's the BIG tag that also serves to secure the cable when you crimp it). In this particular application it doesn't actually matter if you get the L and the R mixed up but it's good to get it right. Don't mess with the G though, else you'll be pissing signal to ground.

On the right, your 1/4" mono jack going to your PA. Connect the red signal wire (Source R) to a 10K resistor and the other signal wire (Source L) to another 10K resistor, making sure the two wires don't short at this end (that's where the insulating tape or heat-shrink tubing comes in handy). Twist the other ends of the resistors together and connect them to the "tip" (PA Sig) of the mono jack. Connect the shielding (Source G) to the "sleeve" of the jack (PA G) and crimp to secure the cable, just like you did at the other end. Get this right and the whole assembly will fit inside the 1/4" jack housing. Oh, er, now is a REALLY bad time to remind you that you should have made sure the plug housings were already on the cable - I'm sorry I'm sorry I'm sorry...

Right! You have just constructed a simple "audio mixer" - tell your friends! They'll think you're some kind of electronics genius! "Buy an audio mixer? No, I just make my own - it's nothing, really..."

Or: "Yeah Brett, I'd love to come to dinner tonight but I'm, like, building an audio mixer?" Think of the potential to keep 'em hot!!!


I showed my version (above) to Steve Glennie-Smith (Electronics Engineer par excellence) last night and he said "That's quite neat - for a programmer". Praise indeed!

105 comments:

  1. Thanks for this! I have just finished a Single ceiling speaker installation running off a stereo amp and i was getting distortion using a standard Sereo to mono converter. I have just made up a audio lead following your directions and it has work a treat!!!

    Nice 1!!

    Andy

    ReplyDelete
  2. Andy - I'm thrilled that this worked for you! My original one still works when we have to throw "intermission music" from a stereo MP3 player to a mono PA during the breaks in gigs. I've made several for friends since then.

    Best wishes - M

    ReplyDelete
  3. God bless ya lad! I need to take an output from my Droid and feed it into an antique German radio, which of coarse has a mono input. This will do exactly what I need. Thanks for posting!
    Steve - Chicago

    ReplyDelete
  4. Thanks Steve - please let me know how you get on.

    ReplyDelete
  5. Hi All, Great thread..

    I have a question re summation devices (to connect a STEREO signal such as from a MP3 player, to MONO input/s (such as to my 8 channel powered PA mixer).

    Is there any reason why I CAN NOT take the stereo signal, split it into 2 - 1/4" phone plugs (one left & one right) and plug the RT into say Channel 1, and the LT into say channel 2 of my (mono) powered PA mixer??

    Of course, I realize I would need to set the volume controls of channel 1 & channel 2 the same (say at "5"), and flatten out the channel 1 & 2 EQ, and control the volume and tone with the MASTER CONTROLS.

    Am I overlooking something, or would this be a simple solution to the problem (at least when there are at least 2 unused mono channels available on a multi channel mono unit) ???

    ReplyDelete
  6. Thank you! Someone who puts it simply. Two 10k resistors, never expected it to be that simple.

    Previous experiences left me with only a single channel and I was wary of connecting the TRS ring straight to a mono tip. Only make 'that' mistake once.

    After nearly an hour of phone calls, web searches and head scratching finally found a great method of driving mono audio circuits from a stereo recording. Whilst keeping both channels.

    Cheers to ya!

    ReplyDelete
  7. I'm really pleased everyone has found this tip useful! Thanks for your comments. I have replied separately where further questions have been asked. For example, BL's suggestion about feeding to two spare channels sounds perfectly reasonable to me - if you've got channels to spare. However, it does appear a bit extravagant if you're feeding a mono unit anyway. On the other hand, it does mean you can balance your stereo source before the mix-down to mono.

    ReplyDelete
  8. Hey, I've just finished my converter, following your instructions, but didn't test it yet. But, since I'm a Engineer student, I have to ask "why". So, why we have to use those resistors? What they do with the signal?

    Sorry about the bad english, I'm from Brazil...

    ReplyDelete
  9. If it's that simple (and, presumably, cheap) why does it cost over £100 to buy a stereo to mono converter 'box' and why does that need to be mains powered?

    I don't really want to spend a load of money if I don't have to!

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Passive vs. active. Unisolated vs. isolated. Asymetric vs. symetric.
      If it works for you and you're happy with it, best solution maybe.

      Delete
  10. I'm guessing that the "box" uses preamps and other stuff to produce a regulated line-level output signal at a given impedance, regardless of the input levels and impedance. Apart from a slight attenuation, my solution doesn't change signal levels or impedance, so you have to be sure that your source is "about right" for the job. £100 seems a bit stiff though!

    ReplyDelete
  11. EDC - I'm not an electronics engineer, so I'm not 100% certain myself. However, here's how I see it. Suppose the resistors weren't there and, for example, Source Left goes high whilst Source Right goes low. What happens to the signal? You're sinking Left to Right. The resistors stop that from happening and keep the signal voltage on the output side.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. How about using diodes (2Nos) instead of resistors?

      Delete
    2. Audio is an A/C signal. So you would block the bottom half of the wave of each channel.

      Delete
  12. Hey, that is a great solution!
    This may be a stupid question (I don't really know much about this), but which wattage rating shall the resistor have to be optimal for this application?

    Thanks!

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. We're talking about "line-levels" here (the input side). There's not actually very much current going down a line-level connection. You might measure it in milliamps, and the voltage likewise is low. Therefore, wattage rating is of little consequence - use the titchiest (or any) resistors you can find. They'll cope with line-level signals.

      If you want to try mixing on the power output side however, that's a completely different game. Ask an expert!

      Delete
  13. Previously when I have tried to connect left and right channels directly a curious thing happens quite consistently - I get acappello - The vocals disappear completely, making the output an instrumental version. This could be a handy trick if you want an instrumental. It appears that the vocals are recorded as a positive signal on one channel, and negative on the other so they cancel out. If that is the case using balanced resistors in your design may not solve the problem. - Evan-e-cent

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. You accidentally swapped the + and - from one channel. This inverts the phase of the signal at 180° which "deletes" every signal in the stereo audio center.

      Delete
  14. Hi: Do you think that this one might work properly? (I am not sure): http://cgi.ebay.es/ws/eBayISAPI.dll?ViewItem&item=250757904761#ht_858wt_649

    ReplyDelete
  15. Hi. I'm trying to connect my electric guitar with a mono output into an fm transmitter that uses a stereo input. Do you think I can use this?

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. If you're going from mono to stereo you probably don't need the resistors

      Delete
  16. Hi. I would like to connect to stereo headphones with mono sound to both ears.Can I
    solder the twisted resisters to both tip and ring on a stereo 1/4 Jack.

    ReplyDelete
  17. Thanks for the simple instructions! I just made one of these to allow me to play music from my phone through an electric guitar amp.

    The amp had mono line input so this was just what I needed. It works great, I can hear both channels now.

    ReplyDelete
  18. Hi all i have use this circuit to convert stereo signal into mono, but i can notice some loss in sound quality at the final end.

    ReplyDelete
  19. Wow, so glad I found this thread. I would like to combine a tranducer pickup and a piezo pickup into a mono signal with a potentiometer on the transducer. This is for an upright bass. Any ideas on if the original schematic still applies? what kind of potentiometer to use? Where would I put the pot in the signal chain? The mono output will go to a 100w tube amp. kudos garage techies!

    thx, sugarfreek

    ReplyDelete
  20. Hi!

    I need to do this exact same thing but going from stereo signal (2 rca cables) to an XLR (mono) could this be done in the same manner?

    ReplyDelete
  21. Hi Marcus,

    Thanks for the useful post. I have one suggestion, though: I think it might be better to use 1K resistors rather than 10K. The input impedance of a typical amp should be in the region of 20K. At audio frequencies (where impedance-matching doesn't matter) it is best if the input impedance is at least x10 the output impedance. Assuming an output impedance in the range 100-600 ohms (plausible for an MP3 player headphone output), that would keep the total output impedance below 2K which should result in more signal voltage across the amp's input.

    Best Wishes,
    Eamonn

    ReplyDelete
  22. Thanks !!!
    Absolutely just what are required to fix the problem I've got connecting a walk man into the gyms PA system that is a bit funny and doesn't really work in the stereorgue thanks 1 million the posting it!

    ReplyDelete
  23. Thanks and well worth reading all the postings! I too was wondering why this solution was so cheap even compared to the S/M converter at £20!
    I have a poorly PYE Black Box which I am upgrading to a transcription turntabe c/w mag cart and preamp for a line output.Fortunately, the preamp has a spare output so I will be able to feed a signal to the original mono valve amp and listen to how it sounded in '55!
    A black piano finish and an input for your iphone and vintage meets modern - deep joy!

    ReplyDelete
  24. Why did you use resisters..! I mean .,...It can be connected without resisters ......!

    ReplyDelete
  25. Why did you use resisters..! I mean .,...It can be connected without resisters ......!

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. why not diodes instead of resistors?

      Delete
    2. the sound coming from your headphone jack is AC diodes would rectify half of it and leave the other I tried this before and ended up getting clocking and popping noises due to the diodes in the circuit

      Delete
  26. nice of you to put this up on the web.

    ReplyDelete
  27. Thank you for the great and very useful article. I've just made one of these cables, this is just what I needed to connect an mp3 player stereo headphone output into the mono microphone input on an old portable boom box. Although based on research I ended up using 470ohm resistors. Works a treat with no loss of sound quality.

    ReplyDelete
  28. Hi. Will this work for my guitar tube amp? I need a stereo to mono to run a Korg mini Kaoss pad KP2S that will be mounted on or in my guitar to my amp. I am now thinking I will need dofferent resistors as well. Which ones should I use? Will this work at all? This is the closest Ive come to an answer for my problem. Thank you!

    ReplyDelete
  29. Hi
    Could you explain please how this solution works ?
    Thank you
    Guy

    ReplyDelete
  30. Hi
    Could you explain please how this solution works ?
    Thank you
    Guy

    ReplyDelete
  31. I was looking to connect my professional microphone through audio interface and output to connect to my Android phone for recording good sound . I was worried to connect directly to my phone as output of audio interface is high.gadgate to connect microphone to mobile is costly say RS 5000 and above . Thanks to all and mainly creater . I think this will work for me. Any more suggestions please tell me .my mail id is anilbhatiawx@gmail.com

    ReplyDelete
  32. Why relying on other VDO hosting Sites while you can easily use an advanced Streaming Video Converter that'll enable you to add video(s) onto your own Site? This unique technology gives you the opportunity to effectively promote services, products, and Sites on the Internet with streaming VDOs. Learn about the latest Video-to-Web techniques and how they are about Online Dailymotion Converter generate a lot more incoming traffic for you.

    ReplyDelete
  33. Aw, it was quite a good post. In idea I have to put in writing such as this moreover - taking time and actual effort to produce a excellent article… but what / things I say… I procrastinate alot through no indicates manage to get something completed. camworks post processor

    ReplyDelete
  34. How do you decide the name of your business? You need to consider a lot more than simply what looks or sounds good. For more information, click here. autocad for sale

    ReplyDelete
  35. Amazing how you can code something useful for everyone :). I've been coding this online video converter tool that can be used to download facebook videos for years. It turns out people use it and makes me feel great. bravo for this

    ReplyDelete
  36. Ha ha… I was just surfing around and took a glance at these remarks. I can’t believe there’s still this much interest. Thanks for writing about this. 먹튀검증

    ReplyDelete
  37. What i don’t understood is actually how you are not actually much more well-liked than you may be now. You’re very intelligent. You realize therefore considerably relating to this subject, produced me personally consider it from so many varied angles. Its like women and men aren’t fascinated unless it is one thing to do with Lady gaga! Your own stuffs excellent. Always maintain it up! 안전놀이터

    ReplyDelete
  38. Be grateful you for spending time to speak about this, I think strongly about that and delight in reading read more about this topic. Whenever possible, just like you become expertise, do you mind updating your web site with a lot more details? It can be highly great for me. Two thumb up in this article! 토토사이트

    ReplyDelete
  39. i love to play internet games specially on facebook where you have farmville and mafiawars;; 먹튀

    ReplyDelete
  40. Be grateful you for spending time to speak about this, I think strongly about that and delight in reading read more about this topic. Whenever possible, just like you become expertise, do you mind updating your web site with a lot more details? It can be highly great for me. Two thumb up in this article! Mega888 apk download

    ReplyDelete
  41. I’m new to your blog and i really appreciate the nice posts and great layout.:,*”- 918kiss pussy888 apk download

    ReplyDelete
  42. Excellent blog post, I have bookmarked your site so ideally I’ll see much more on this subject in the foreseeable future! 918kiss kiss918 apk download

    ReplyDelete
  43. Excellent blog post, I have bookmarked your site so ideally I’ll see much more on this subject in the foreseeable future! 토토사이트

    ReplyDelete
  44. Wow that was odd. I just wrote an incredibly long comment but after I clicked submit my comment didn’t appear. Grrrr… well I’m not writing all that over again. Regardless, just wanted to say fantastic blog! 파워볼사이트

    ReplyDelete

  45. This is one of my favorite blog Thanks for sharing useful information.
    Play Lottery Online
    Sportsbook Singapore
    Slot Games Singapore

    ReplyDelete
  46. I’m still learning from you, while I’m improving myself. I certainly enjoy reading everything that is written on your website.Keep the posts coming. I loved it!
    먹튀검증

    ReplyDelete
  47. Hello all , such a amazing informative post that you share in this article and guys if you can interested the online casino play game for the entertainment so plz you can join us:-

    sbobet
    grand dragon casino

    ReplyDelete
  48. Nice post ! There Is a lot of Fun While playing with Most trusatable Maxbook55 Online Casino

    Read More :

    Maxbook
    Maxbook55
    Maxbook55 Online Casino
    Maxbook55 SBOBET Mobile Malaysia

    ReplyDelete
  49. LionKing96
    Website: www.918kiss.to
    WIN! WIN! WIN! Top Online Casino Malaysia, Online Casino industry in Malaysia The fun of casino and thrill of games is welcoming you to the latest Live Casino Malaysia at LionKing96. At our Online Casino Malaysia, we are offering games that are safe for you - and that is our promise to all our players!

    ReplyDelete
  50. Stomatitis caused by poor systemic nutritional status induces rapid recovery by supplementing the deficient effects along with the treatment of stomatitis.메이저사이트

    ReplyDelete
  51. Thanks a lot for sharing this amazing blog. Really very useful blog for me.
    Online Casino Hub MY
    918 Sites Live

    ReplyDelete
  52. 918kiss Original Download

    918kiss is home to some of the best free slot machines designed by Playtika, the creator of the world's premium online casino experience. We are bringing Las Vegas slot machine games closer to you at anytime, anywhere. Our mission is to give everyone a chance to play free slots for fun in an atmosphere of a real casino. Backed by top talent with years of experience in making online casinos, and powered by knowledge of what the finest free casino games should be like, we are excited to welcome you in 918kiss online casino - the ultimate place to be for free slot machines with free spins. Good luck and don't forget to HAVE FUN!

    ReplyDelete
  53. BBQ1688 The Most Perfect Online Entertainment Wedsite

    BBQ1688 is Trusted Live Betting Malaysia Site. Play live Visit BBQ1688.com now . We provide a top class and professional Live Betting experience with Live Dealer Betting Slot, Sports Betting and 4D Malaysia!

    ReplyDelete
  54. you are so interesting! I don’t don't forget i’ve study a few factor like this before. So terrific to discover every other man or woman with some right mind in this issue. Significantly.. Thank you for beginning this up. This internet site is some thing this is required on the net, a person with a few originality! I pretty like reading thru a post which could make men and women count on. Additionally, many thanks for allowing me to comment! Spot on with this write-up, i in reality think this splendid net website wishes a super deal extra interest. I’ll likely be returning to peer extra, thank you for the advice! I’m very thrilled to discover this web page. I desired to thank you for your time for this terrific study!! I virtually simply favored each little little bit of it and i additionally have you ever stored as a favorite to have a examine new matters to your internet web page. 먹튀검증

    ReplyDelete
  55. hello, i do assume your weblog ought to in all likelihood be having internet browser compatibility troubles. Every time i test your blog in safari, it appears remarkable but whilst beginning in net explorer, it has a few overlapping troubles. I certainly wanted to offer you a quick heads up! Except that, great blog! hey there! This weblog placed up couldn’t be written an lousy lot better! Searching at this text reminds me of my preceding roommate! He constantly stored speakme about this. I most definitely will ahead this text to him. Pretty nice he may want to have a terrific examine. I recognize you for sharing! This net web page come to be… how do i say it? Relevant!! In the long run i've observed something that helped me. 먹튀폴리스

    ReplyDelete
  56. To start with You got an awesome blog .I will be keen on more comparative points. I see you got extremely exceptionally valuable themes, I will be continually checking your blog much appreciated. I think that may be an interesting element, it made me assume a bit. Thanks for sparking my considering cap. On occasion I get so much in a rut that I simply really feel like a record. I found your this post while searching for some related information on blog search...Its a good post..keep posting and update the information. "I think this is an informative post and knowledgeable. I would like to thank you for the efforts you have made in writing this article " 먹튀검증커뮤니티

    ReplyDelete
  57. hi there, i do agree with your net web web site can be having browser compatibility problems. Once i take a look at your net web website online in safari, it looks first-rate however, if starting in internet explorer, it’s got some overlapping problems. I definitely favored to provide you a short heads up! Except that, first rate website on-line! I blog often and i considerably respect your content fabric. This notable article has really peaked my interest. I'm going to take a observe of your blog and maintain checking for brand spanking new information approximately once in line with week. I subscribed on your feed too. This is a high-quality tip specially to the ones new to the blogosphere. Clean however very unique information… thanks for sharing this one. A ought to study article! 헤이먹튀

    ReplyDelete
  58. to start with you obtain an great weblog . I can be eager on greater comparative difficulty topics. I see you obtain certainly quite useful challenge subjects, i may be typically checking your weblog a lot desired . Excellent article. Exceedingly interesting to peruse. I really like to peruse this kind of decent article. A lot preferred! Maintain shaking . Outstanding article with tremendous concept! Thanks for this type of awesome article. I sincerely renowned for this exceptional records. Outstanding blog entry i definitely like the nature of substance, it have become exactly what i used to be attempting to find a debt of gratitude is so as for composing, preserve it up. Precise success 토토거래소

    ReplyDelete
  59. youre so cool! I dont think ive look at anything much like this preceding to. So excellent to discover any character with a few authentic mind in this problem. Realy appreciation for beginning this up. This net internet site on-line is one vicinity that is needed at the net, any person if we do originality. Beneficial activity for bringing new stuff for the net! I am extraordinarily pleased that i discovered this internet blog , just the proper information that i was seeking out! . It's far definitely a pleasing and useful piece of information. I’m satisfied that you just shared this beneficial tidbit with us. Please live us updated like this. Thank you for sharing. That is the right blog for every body who hopes to discover about this concern count number. You recognize an entire lot its almost difficult to argue alongside (not that i virtually might want…haha). You virtually put a whole new spin for a subject thats been written approximately for years. Terrific stuff, simply excellent! The internet internet site on-line is lovingly serviced and saved as an lousy lot as date. So it need to be, thank you for sharing this with us. This internet internet page is referred to as a stroll-with the useful resource of for all the facts you desired approximately this and didn’t apprehend who to ask. Glimpse right right here, and you’ll absolutely discover it. Right submit and a pleasant summation of the hassle. My excellent trouble with the analysis is for the reason that masses of the populace joined the chorus of deregulatory mythology, given vested hobby is inclined closer to perpetuation of the present day system and given a loss of a famous cheerleader on your arguments, i’m now not seeing a good deal in the manner of alternate. I'd really like to visitor submit on your weblog . Some absolutely pleasant stuff on this internet web web page , i really like it. Im no professional, but i take into account you surely made the amazing component. You virtually know what youre talking approximately, and i'm able to truly get in the back of that. Thank you for being so upfront and so sincere. 먹튀검증

    ReplyDelete
  60. first rate placed up i need to say and thank you for the records. Schooling is honestly a sticky state of affairs. However, continues to be most of the leading subjects of our time. I understand your submit and stay up for extra. I just discovered this weblog and function immoderate hopes for it to maintain. Preserve up the extremely good artwork, its difficult to find proper ones. I've brought to my favorites. Thanks. Its a awesome pleasure reading your post. Its full of statistics i am searching out and i really like to put up a commentary that "the content material of your put up is first rate" exquisite artwork. Best put up! That is a absolutely great blog that i am able to definitively come once more to extra instances this 12 months! Thanks for informative post. 사설토토

    ReplyDelete
  61. having take a look at this i idea it became extremely enlightening. I appreciate you spending some effort and time to region this short article together. I over again find out myself for my part spending loads of time every reading and posting remarks. But so what, it changed into though without a doubt worth it! Good day! This blog put up couldnot be written any better! Going thru this publish rings a bell in my memory of my previous roommate! He continually saved preaching approximately this. I’ll ship this newsletter to him. Quite sure he’ll have a first-rate observe. Many thank you for sharing! I must thank you for the efforts you’ve mounted scripting this website. I absolutely desire to see the identical excessive-grade content material cloth with the aid of you within the future as properly. In reality, your creative writing capabilities has endorsed me to get my very private internet site now 😉 먹튀프렌즈

    ReplyDelete
  62. sign holders and stands for each price range and advertising advertising and marketing marketing campaign. Out of doors signal holders . 해피머니상

    ReplyDelete
  63. having take a look at this i idea it changed into definitely informative. I admire you taking the effort and time to place this information collectively. I once more discover myself spending a sizeable amount of time each studying and commenting. But so what, it grow to be despite the fact that truly well worth it! It's miles proper to listen that your keep is now growing to new places. I have been a customer of extraordinary eyes because of all of the super work that you guys do . Wish that this increase circulate of yours will grow to be successful. I can truely flow and see this new store of yours . 토토패밀리

    ReplyDelete
  64. i am not able to look at articles on line very regularly, however i’m glad i did in recent times. That is very well written and your elements are nicely-expressed. Please, don’t ever stop writing. That appears to be exceptional but i am though no longer too sure that i truly adore it. At any fee will appearance a long way extra into it and determine in my view! First-class aspire to mention ones content material fabric may be as fantastic. This readability with your submit is first rate and that i may think you’re a guru for this trouble. Remarkable in conjunction with your concur permit me to to capture your current give to hold changed thru using approaching blog submit. Thanks masses loads of at the facet of you must circulate on the appealing get the hobby executed. Outstanding article, it end up especially helpful! I genuinely started out on this and i am becoming greater acquainted with it better. The publish is written in very an splendid way and it contains many beneficial information for me. Thanks very a super deal and could search for extra postings from you . Fine to be journeying your blog all over again, it has been months for me. Properly this text that ive been waited for consequently lengthy. I need this newsletter to complete my assignment inside the school, and it has identical problem depend together with your article. Thank you, extraordinary share. High-quality facts. This blog seems just like my antique one! It’s on a completely extraordinary subject matter 먹튀사이트

    ReplyDelete
  65. "I simply wished to thank you so much yet again. I do not know what I would’ve used without the actual strategies provided by you directly on my subject. It was the intimidating setting for me, however , understanding a new expert manner you managed that took me to jump with contentment. I am just grateful for your work and as well , believe you comprehend what a powerful job that you are getting into instructing many others through the use of your websites. I’m certain you’ve never met all of us. I am often to blogging i genuinely appreciate your posts. The content has really peaks my interest. My goal is to bookmark your site and maintain checking for new information .
    I admire this article for the well-researched content and excellent wording." 토토지식백과

    ReplyDelete
  66. I am genuinely grateful to the owner of this website who has shared this impressive article at at this place. This is an excellent post I seen thanks to share it. It is really what I wanted to see hope in future you will continue for sharing such a excellent post. Good write-up, I’m regular visitor of one’s web site, maintain up the excellent operate, and It is going to be a regular visitor for a long time. I’m not surre where you are getting your information, but good topic. I needs to spend some time learning more or understanding more. Thanks for grewat information I was looking for this info for my mission. Your style is very unique in comparison to other people I have read stuff from. Thanks for posting when you've got the opportunity, Guess I'll just bookmark this web site. 메리트카지노

    ReplyDelete
  67. I am genuinely grateful to the owner of this website who has shared this impressive article at at this place. This is an excellent post I seen thanks to share it. It is really what I wanted to see hope in future you will continue for sharing such a excellent post. Good write-up, I’m regular visitor of one’s web site, maintain up the excellent operate, and It is going to be a regular visitor for a long time. I’m not surre where you are getting your information, but good topic. I needs to spend some time learning more or understanding more. Thanks for grewat information I was looking for this info for my mission. Your style is very unique in comparison to other people I have read stuff from. Thanks for posting when you've got the opportunity, Guess I'll just bookmark this web site. 토디즈

    ReplyDelete
  68. i genuinely love your net website online.. Very brilliant sun shades & problem. Did you create this internet site your self? Please reply again as iím hoping to create my very private blog and would love to investigate in which you got this from or exactly what the topic is referred to as. Thanks! My partner and i genuinely love your blog and locate masses of your put up’s to be what exactly i’m looking for. Does one offer guest writers to put in writing content fabric for you in my opinion? I wouldn’t thoughts composing a post or elaborating on some of the topics you write related to here. Once more, super blog! You have got were given made some first rate factors there. I appeared on the net for delivered information approximately the issue and observed most individuals will go with your perspectives in this internet internet website. This weblog is absolutely rather to be had because i’m inside the imply time developing an internet floral internet website – despite the fact that i am first-rate starting out therefore it’s absolutely pretty small, no longer some thing like this website online. Can link to three of the posts right right here as they may be pretty. Thanks heaps. 온카맨

    ReplyDelete
  69. Hi! this is nice article you shared with great information. Thanks for giving such a wonderful informative information. I hope you will publish again such type of post. my loved one! I wish to say that this post is amazing, nice written and come with approximately all significant infos. I would like to see extra posts like this . I'm pretty pleased to find this site. I wanted to thank you for ones time just for this fantastic read!! I definitely enjoyed every part of it and i also have you book marked to check out new things in your web site. 먹튀검증사이트

    ReplyDelete
  70. i genuinely love your net website online.. Very brilliant sun shades & problem. Did you create this internet site your self? Please reply again as iím hoping to create my very private blog and would love to investigate in which you got this from or exactly what the topic is referred to as. Thanks! My partner and i genuinely love your blog and locate masses of your put up’s to be what exactly i’m looking for. Does one offer guest writers to put in writing content fabric for you in my opinion? I wouldn’t thoughts composing a post or elaborating on some of the topics you write related to here. Once more, super blog! You have got were given made some first rate factors there. I appeared on the net for delivered information approximately the issue and observed most individuals will go with your perspectives in this internet internet website. This weblog is absolutely rather to be had because i’m inside the imply time developing an internet floral internet website – despite the fact that i am first-rate starting out therefore it’s absolutely pretty small, no longer some thing like this website online. Can link to three of the posts right right here as they may be pretty. Thanks heaps. 카이소

    ReplyDelete
  71. hi there, i do agree with your net web web site can be having browser compatibility problems. Once i take a look at your net web website online in safari, it looks first-rate however, if starting in internet explorer, it’s got some overlapping problems. I definitely favored to provide you a short heads up! Except that, first rate website on-line! I blog often and i considerably respect your content fabric. This notable article has really peaked my interest. I'm going to take a observe of your blog and maintain checking for brand spanking new information approximately once in line with week. I subscribed on your feed too. This is a high-quality tip specially to the ones new to the blogosphere. Clean however very unique information… thanks for sharing this one. A ought to study article! 카지노

    ReplyDelete
  72. howdy! This article couldn't be written lots better! Searching through this article rings a bell in my memory of my previous roommate! He usually kept preaching approximately this. I'm going to deliver this article to him. Fairly sure he could have a extraordinary observe. Thanks for sharing! Excellent day, i think your weblog may be having browser compatibility issues. As soon as i test your blog in safari, it looks wonderful but at the same time as starting in i. E., it has some overlapping issues. I just favored to present you a short heads up! Except that, high-quality web page! Spot on with this write-up, i definitely feel this top notch website desires a high-quality deal extra interest. I’ll probably be returning to look at via more, thank you for the statistics! Aw, this became a really proper publish. Taking the time and real try to create a very good article… however what am i able to say… i positioned topics off a whole lot and do now not manage to get nearly something performed. 카지노

    ReplyDelete
  73. https://sophiamagnolia.blogspot.com/2015/11/a-classic-treasure-to-value-forever.html?showComment=1640860821068#c2921138891250119856

    ReplyDelete
  74. Thanks for sharing this information. I really like your blog post very much. You have really shared a informative and interesting blog post with people 파워볼사이트

    ReplyDelete
  75. This is an excellent post I seen thanks to share it. It is really what I wanted to see hope in future you will continue for sharing such a excellent post. Skip Hire Barrow in Furness

    ReplyDelete
  76. Great post i must say and thanks for the information. Education is definitely a sticky subject. However, is still among the leading topics of our time. I appreciate your post and look forward to more. 먹튀검증

    ReplyDelete
  77. 2 PLAYER PERFECT STEALTH GUIDE (THE BIG CON, $2,427,000) | GTA Online 루비게임 현금바둑이게임 온라인현금바둑이 Heist Finale

    ReplyDelete
  78. i'm satisfied to discover such massive numbers of treasured facts here within the post. We want training session more strategies in such manner. A debt of gratitude is so as for sharing. Remarkable weblog! I have to want to thank for the undertakings you have got made in developing this publish. I'm believing a similar remarkable work from you in a while furthermore. I anticipated to thanks for this destinations! Thankful for sharing. Awesome locations! I truly enjoy certainly analyzing all of your weblogs. Simply wanted to tell you which you have humans like me who respect your art work. Genuinely a great submit. Hats off to you! The facts that you have provided can be very useful. I want you to thank to your season of this tremendous examine!!! I definately understand every and every piece of it and that i have you ever bookmarked to study new stuff of your weblog an unquestionable requirement study blog! Cool you inscribe, the information is sincerely salubrious further fascinating, i will give you a connect to my scene . The publish may be very notable around the arena many people need to examine this shape of submit i am additionally a part of them and after the reading provide accurate opinions . I read a incredible deal of stuff and i discovered that the technique for retaining in touch with clearifing that precisely need to state have become first rate so i am inspired and ilike to return once more again in future.. Useful facts .. I'm very satisfied to observe this article.. Thanks for giving us this useful records. Tremendous walk-via. I understand this publish. Such an especially massive article. To a first-rate diploma captivating to observe this newsletter. I must want to thank you for the undertakings you had made for developing this outstanding article . Fantastic weblog. I took pride in scrutinizing your articles. This is rather a superb scrutinized for me. I've bookmarked it and i am suspecting scrutinizing new articles. Hold doing remarkable! I enjoy extremely joyful to have visible your website web page and assume this form of huge extensive style of all of the extra attractive conditions perusing proper here. Lots favored over again for every one of the factors of interest. i want you to thank to your season of this terrific study!!! I definately recognize every and each piece of it and that i have you ever bookmarked to look at new stuff of your blog an unquestionable requirement examine weblog! Hold the first-rate do the process, once i understand numerous threads inside this net internet page similarly to i am certain that a worldwide-extensive-web blog website on-line is typically proper useful possesses sold baggage linked with top notch information. I havent any word to welcome this submit..... Absolutely i am stimulated from this put up.... The individual who make this publish it was an outstanding human.. Thank you for imparted this . Top notch blog. I took satisfaction in scrutinizing your articles. This is extremely a super scrutinized for me. I have bookmarked it and i am suspecting scrutinizing new articles. Preserve doing first rate! Suitable placed up. Thank you for sharing with us. I truely loved your manner of presentation. I cherished analyzing this . Thank you for sharing and hold writing. It is right to have a look at blogs like this. I assume this is one of the most large statistics for me. And that i’m glad studying your article. But ought to observation on a few huge subjects, the internet net page style is ideal, the articles is sincerely exquisite : 먹튀프렌즈

    ReplyDelete
  79. excellent points you wrote right here.. First-rate stuff…i think you’ve made some absolutely interesting factors. Hold up the best work. Trying to say thank you won’t without a doubt be good enough, for the staggering lucidity in your article. I can legitimately get your rss to stay educated concerning any updates. Remarkable work and plenty accomplishment in your business endeavors. Thanks for the pleasant blog. It changed into very beneficial for me. I’m happy i discovered this weblog. Thank you for sharing with us,i too continually examine something new out of your post. Thanks for every different informative web page. The region else can also simply i am getting that type of data written in such a perfect method? I have a mission that i’m simply now operating on, and i've been at the look out for such facts 먹튀검증사이트

    ReplyDelete
  80. kmark your site for future updates. I assume i have in no way seen such blogs ever before that has whole matters with all information which i need. So kindly replace this ever for us. 토토

    ReplyDelete
  81. when i first of all commented i seem to have clicked on the -notify me when new comments are brought- checkbox and now on every occasion a statement is added i get hold of 4 emails with the equal statement. There need to be an clean method you can get rid of me from that provider? Thank you! What i don’t understood is truely the way you’re no longer definitely lots more nicely-desired than you'll be now. You’re very sensible. You apprehend therefore substantially in terms of this difficulty, produced me for my part agree with it from such a number of diverse angles. Its like ladies and men aren't worried besides it's miles one component to do with woman gaga! Your person stuffs super. Continually contend with it up! 먹튀패스

    ReplyDelete
  82. Thank you for sharing this amazing info.
    The best coaching NDA Coaching in Chandigarh. The Best teaching team members and inexpensive fee packages for NDA coaching in Chandigarh. Only a few own the latest material of study, KPH Media Offers a list of the 5 best NDA coaching in Chandigarh that provides weekend batches. To know more about institutes, you can check our website.

    ReplyDelete
  83. Fantastic information, thanks for sharing!
    Singapore eSports News
    Globe Sports News

    ReplyDelete